Signs and Symptoms
Vaginal odor, itching, and irritation are common signs of BV and
may be particularly noticeable after intercourse or menses. An
unpleasant, fishy odor is common. Vaginal irritation and odor
may be accompanied by a smooth, sticky white or gray discharge 4
days to 4 weeks following exposure. Elevated vaginal pH level
also can be a sign of BV.
Incidence and Prevalence
Bacterial vaginosis accounts for 60% of vulvovaginal infections.
Young adult women, particularly those who are sexually active,
are most commonly affected. According to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), BV is the most common vaginal
infection in women who are of childbearing age. In the United
States, the condition often develops during pregnancy.
Causes and Risk Factors
Although the cause for bacterial vaginosis is not understood
completely, the condition is associated with a change in the
natural balance of bacteria in the vagina. Lactobacillus is a
helpful type of bacteria that metabolizes glycogen to lactic
acid in the vagina and maintains normal vaginal pH. Normal pH
levels provide a natural defense against unhealthy bacteria
proliferation.
